Roofing and siding



Dec. 16, 1952 J, P|ATT 2,621,617

Filed May 15, 1947 ROOFING AND SIDING H lo /0 A fl 4 INVENTOR. 20 %a. W nd f I Patented Dec. 16, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROOFING AND .SIDVING Jesse B. Piatt, New Lebanon, Ohio Application May 15, 1947, Serial No, 748,192 (01. 108-8) 7, Claims.

This invention relates to a roof construction and more particularly to an improved form of self-hardening plastic roof construction and to the method of makin the roof.

It is an object of this invention to provide overlapping, reinforced concrete or the like, shingles which permit the use of fully concealed nails or other fastening means.

A further object of this invention is to provide a reinforced shingle having a butt formed of a non-frangible material and a main body formed of concrete or the like.

Another object. of this invention is to provide a reinforced shingle frame comprising a butt elem nt which has attached thereto reinforcing material and a layer of waterproof paper which forms the bottom surface of the. shingle.

Another object of this invention is to provide a shingle construction in which the butt end of each shingle is impressed into the soft plastic used in forming the next lower shingle.

Still another object of this invention is to provide shingle strips of such length and strength whereby the need for nailing the strips at points between the rafters is eliminated. This makes it possible to use composition sheathing which is not of sufficient quality to hold nails.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a reinforced shingle. frame which includes a. pre-formed butt end that may be used in strik- 1. Qfl the. plastic material used to form; the main bo y of he shingl One. of. the objects.- of this invention is to p vide a, reinforced self-hardening plastic shingle which does not require the use of removable forms and in which the plastic material may be applied to a. reinforcing framework after the framework has been fastened in place on the 1'.Qf'..

Further objects and advantages of the present invention. reside. in the construction and combination of parts and in the mode of operation as will be apparent. from the following description, reference being had to the. accompanying drawings. wherein a preferred form ofithe present invention is; clearly shown.

In. the drawings:

Eieure; 1. a fragmentary perspective view showing shingles; in. they process. of application to erect;

Figure 2; is. a, fragmentary vertical. sectional viewshowing; the shingles applied to a roof;

Figure 3 is: a, fragmentary perspective: view showing one form of. shingle construction;

I Fi ure 4,; is a fragmentary perspective view 2 showing a slightly modified form .of shingle construction, and

Figure '5 is-a fragmentary perspective view showing still another modification.

Referring now to Figure 1 of the drawing wherein I have shown one form of construction embodying my invention, reference numeral 10 designates the roof rafters over which sheathing i2 is placed in accordance with conventional practice. For purposes of illustration, the sheathing [2 has been, shown in the form of wooden strips whereas it is within the purview of this invention to use any other form of sheathing material such as insulation board or the like. Reference numeral 14 designates tar felt paper or any other suitable waterproof, covering material which overlies the sheathing l2 and which has its upper edge secured to the roof or substructure'by means of nails or other suitable securing means I6. I The nails 16 may be spaced so as to be driven directly into the rafters l0 whereby it is possible to use sheathing in the form of composition boards which are not. of sufiicient quality to hold nails.

The lower edges of each strip of paper 14 has secured thereto a. single butt element l8.

or some similar rigid non-frangible material. In the modification shown in Figure 3, the butt element [8 is provided with a bottom vflange 2-0 which lies parallel to. the roof, an upstanding wall element 22 which forms the lower edge of the shingle or the butt proper and a downwardly directed clamping elementv 2,4 which serves' to clamp the reinforcing material 26 and the paper M in assembled relationship to the butt element l8. Suitable drain holes 28 are provided in the flange 20 so that water is free to drain therethrough if necessary- Corresponding holes may be provided in the paper 18 if desired or the paper [8 may be arranged to only partially cover: the holes in the fiange 2-0.,-

The reinforcing material 26 may be metal lath, welded mesh, wovenwire, or any other form of reinforcing material suitable for use. with the plastic material which forms the main body of the shingles. For purposes of illustration, Ihave shown the adjacent strips of material overlapping; one another a considerable amount where as it. is obvious that the extent to which the shingles overlap one another may be varied considerably. without departing from the spirit of my invention.

The paper It is preferably wider than the reinforcing material 2-6 and the plastic material The butt element I8 is preferably made of sheet metal 3 completely covers the reinforcing material but does not necessarily cover the entire width of the strip I4.

By virtue of the above arrangement, it is obvious that the paper I4 may be made considerably wider than the main body of the shingle so as to provide two thicknesses of waterproof paper without unduly increasing the cost and weight of the roof.-

After the above described elements have been applied to the roof in the manner indicated in Figure l, a plastic material such as asphalt, cement, concrete or the like is applied thereto in the manner indicated hereinafter. The construction and arrangement of the elements is such that one may begin applying the plastic material at the comb or top of the roof and work downwardly so as to fill the forms without the necessity of working over any of the soft plastic material. This eliminates any danger from smearing up the finished surfaces and eliminates the need for providing a protective covering for the finished shingles while working on the unfinished shingles.

In applying cement or the like to one of the strips of shingles, a portion of the cement is preferably forced upwardly under the next higher strip which may be raised slightly so as to facilitate applying cement up under the strip. Upon lowering the raised strip, it will imbed itself into the cement beneath it so as to form a very good joint between the overlapping strips.

The upper edges of the sheet metal butt elements are used for ground surfaces in leveling off the cement by means of a leveling element 29 which is shaped as shown in Figure 2 of the drawing. By cutting to the top of the one shingle butt and cutting to the bottom of the next higher butt, one obtains the steps needed for the shedding of water over the lapps. By virtue of the use of a formed butt end element for the shingles, it is obvious that the thickness of the shingle at the butt is determined by the height of the vertical wall 22 of the butt element I8. The height of the wall 22 may be made so as to provide a shingle-having any desired thickness. It is also obvious that the shape of the shingles may be varied by varying the shape of the butt elements. For purposes of illustration, I have shown shingles which are rectangular in shape and which consequently use butt elements which are slightly modified construction in which the butt element |8a is provided with a lower flange 2611 which is held between the reinforcing material 26 and the waterproof paper I4 and in which all of the elements are held in assembled relationship by means of the staples 30 which are arranged as shown.

In Figure 5, I have shown still another modification in which the flange b of the butt element [8b does not lie fiat on the roof. In this modification ears 32, formed integrally with the material from which the butt element is made, are used for holding the reinforcing material and the waterproof paper in place. The ears 32 are bent as indicated for holding the parts in assembled relationship. The apertures 34 which are formed as a result of the ears 32 being bent upwardly serve as drains for any entrained water. The shape of the bottom flange 20b is such that a water lock is formed which helps to prevent water from entering the space between the overlapping shingles. For purposes of illustration, I have shown a flange having only one horizontally extending corrugation or bend formed therein Whereas it is within the purview of this invention to provide additional corrugations or bends in the flange so as to prevent the passage of water between the overlapping shingles.

In illustrating a section of the roof in Figure 2, I have shown an air space between the overlapping layers of waterproof paper whereas in actual practice the thickness of paper used would preferably be such that the weight of the cement on the paper would cause the paper to conform to the contour of the surface beneath the paper whereby no appreciable air space would be left.

The shingles are preferably made in relatively long sections. The length of each section depends upon the appearances desired and upon the type of plastic material used. Metal or asphalt composition expansion members (not shown) may be used between adjacent shingle sections. It is also apparent that in lieu of using expansion members, the adjacent shingles may be spaced in much the same manner as ordinary wooden shingles are spaced so as to make allowances for expansion and contraction of the shingles.

While the plastic material is preferably applied to the forms after the forms have been secured to the roof, it is obvious that the shingle construction shown herein is equally useful in manufacturing pre-formed shingles which may be applied on the roof or the sides of the building after the plastic material has hardened.

Coloring pigment may be added to the plastic material and the butt elements may be colored to match the plastic material if desired, or colored granular material may be sprinkled on the surface of the plastic material before it hardens so as to give still another effect.

While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a shingle construction, a sheet of substantially Waterproof paper, reinforcing material resting upon said paper, an edging strip forming the butt end of the shingle and held in fixed relationship relative to one edge of said paper, and a self -h-ardening plastic covering tapering shingle fashion from said edging strip towards the other edge of said paper, said edging strip having a bottom flange and an inturned upper flange embedded in the plastic material.

2. A reinforced shingle comprising a. bottom layer of paper, a top layer of a self-hardening plastic material, reinforcing means in said material, and a pre-formed butt edge, said butt edge having a first flange embedded in said plastic material and having a second flange underlying said plastic material, said underlying flange having raised portions intermediate its edges.

3. A reinforced shingle comprising a bottom layer of paper, a top layer of a self-hardening plastic material, reinforcing means in said material and a pre-formed butt edge, said butt edge having a first flange embedded in said plastic material and having a second flange underlying said plastic material, said underlying flange having raised portions formed therein, said raised portions extending horizontally and adapted to form with an adjacent shingle a water lock.

4. In a shingle construction, a sheet of substantially waterproof paper, reinforcing material resting upon said paper, an edging strip forming the butt end of the shingle and held in fixed relationship relative to one edge of said paper, and a, self-hardening plastic covering tapering shingle fashion from said edging strip towards the other edge of said paper, said edging strip having a bottom flange and an inturned upper flange embedded in the plastic material, said paper and said reinforcing material being clamped between said flanges so as to be held thereby in assembled relationship.

5. In a shingle construction, a sheet of substantially waterproof paper, reinforcing material resting upon said paper, an edging strip forming the butt end of the shingle and held in fixed relationship relative to one edge of said paper, a self-hardening plastic covering tapering shingle fashion from said edging strip towards the other edge of said paper, said edging strip having a bottom flange and an inturned upper flange embedded in the plastic material, and staples passing through said reinforcing material, waterproof paper and one of said flanges for holding said edging strip, reinforcing material, and paper in assembled relationship.

6. In a shingle construction, a sheet of substantially waterproof paper, reinforcing material resting upon said paper, an edging strip forming the butt end of the shingle and held in flxed relationship relative to one edge of said paper,

and a self-hardening plastic covering tapering shingle fashion from said edging strip towards the other edge of said paper, said edging strip having a bottom flange and an inturned upper flange embedded in the plastic material, one of said flanges having integral ears holding said reinforcing material, paper, and edging strip in assembled relationship.

7. In a shingle construction, a sheet of substantially waterproof paper, an edging strip forming the butt end of the shingle and held in fixed relationship relative to one edge of said paper, and a self-hardening plastic covering tapering shingle fashion from said edging strip towards the other edge of said paper, said edging strip having a bottom flange and having an inturned upper flange embedded in the plastic material.

JESSE B, PIATT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,077,321 Walton Nov. 4, 1913 2,193,233 Hardy Mar. 12, 1940 2,198,685 Wallace Apr. 30, 1940 2,319,227 Hardy May 18, 1943 2,379,051 Wallace June 26. 1945 

